Essay about The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway

The epigraph to The Sun Also Rises; contains a quote from Gertrude Stein, saying: You are all a lost generation;. This proclamation is juxtaposed with the passage from the beginning of the Book of Ecclesiastes: One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh: but the earth abideth for ever;. The message of the former quote clearly conveys that the WW1 generation, of which Jake Barns, Robert Cohn, Brett Ashley and Mike Campbell are the representatives, is forever deprived of moral, emotional, spiritual and physical values. On the other hand, the latter passage gives a lot of hope: The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to his place where he arose.; This statement, from which the title of the novel†¦show more content†¦His powerlessness to avert his mala fortuna;, about which he thinks during many sleepless nights, is implied in the prosaic remark that the war would have been best avoided;. But he did not avoid the injury that made him impotent an d he does not avoid further torment resulted from the wound. This further agony is of emotional character. Jake is in love with a vain and promiscuous woman. Brett is also a victim of the war, which has dispossessed her of dignity and self-respect. Being exposed to moral and emotional vacuum; (Spilka 84), she easily gives vent to her frustrations through living a wanton and drunken life. She attracts all the men around her and feels free to abuse them in order to satisfy her transient sexual pleasure. She declines all her post-war lovers love, claiming that being in love is hell on earth;. And for this reason she emotionally destroys her men. Jake is one of her victims, and seems to be the sinner taken by the woman, whose heart is snares and nets, and her hands as bands; (Ecclesiastes 7: 26). He admits that he never would have any trouble if he hadnt run into Brett;, because she only wanted what she couldnt have.; By saying this, Jake refers to the fact that Brett rejects him only due to his impotence. Dont touch me#8230; she said.; (#8230;) Dont you love me?; Love you? I simply turn all to jelly when you touch me.; IsntShow MoreRelatedThe Sun Also Rises By Ernest Hemingway1649 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sun Also Rises Ernest Hemingway Introduction Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises is a classic work of American prose, and is essential to understanding the social climate of the 1920’s, and the â€Å"Lost Generation†. Hemingway’s motley cast of star-crossed lovers, rabble-rousers, expatriates, gamblers, and burgeoning alcoholics reflect the excitement, loneliness, and disillusionment experienced by Hemingway and his contemporaries. In addition, the post-war angst of young people of the time isRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises By Ernest Hemingway Essay889 Words   |  4 Pages Books are long. While â€Å"The Sun Also Rises† by Ernest Hemingway is a relatively short book, it still contains a wealth of intricate detail. In any short analysis of such a work of literature, some detail is almost assuredly lost. Hemingway has a lot to say through this story, despite his brevity with words. While not necessarily the most important elements of the book, I shall cast our focus on what Hemingway says thr ough the characters alcoholism and personal relationships. These characters haveRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway656 Words   |  3 PagesErnest Hemingway is an American twentieth century novelist who served in World War I. During World War I, he served as an ambulance driver for the Italian army. He wrote the novel The Sun Also Rises in Paris in the 1920s. Hemingway argues that the Lost Generation suffered immensely after World War I because of severe problems with masculinity, alcohol, and love. Masculinity creates a strong tension amongst the male characters in The Sun Also Rises. The clearest example is the impotency of theRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises By Ernest Hemingway1169 Words   |  5 PagesThe Sun Also Rises, written by Ernest Hemingway, is a novel about a group of young expatriates, living in Paris after World War I and going on a trip to Spain filled with drinking, bullfighting, and much more. The protagonist, Jake Barnes, an impotent American WWI veteran and bullfighting aficionado, spends much of his time watching and sometimes helping Brett, the woman he loves, go off with other men. Most of the book takes place in urban areas like Paris and Pamplona is filled with drunken fightsRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises By Ernest Hemingway Essay1676 Words   |  7 PagesErnest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises presents an interesting commentary on the fluidity of gender roles and the effects of stepping outside of the socially constructed binary approach to gender. Jake’s impotence and his inability to win Brett romantically results in a struggle wit h masculinity and inadequacy. Brett, possessing many masculine attributes, serves as a foil and embodies the masculinity the men in the novel lack. The juxtaposition of Jake’s struggle and Brett’s refusal to adhere to conventionalRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway1195 Words   |  5 Pagespowerful aspects of a book. For instance, when a reader reads the title The Sun Also Rises, written by Ernest Hemingway, the reader is able to understand that the title of the novel is connected directly to the message that the author is attempting to convey. The title later brings forth much more significance towards the very end of the novel when the reader pauses and contemplates Hemingway’s motives. The title The Sun Also Rises has the ability to stimulate deep thought within a reader, thus forcingRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises By Ernest Hemingway Essay2149 Words   |  9 PagesErnest Hemingway was one of America’s premiere authors during the early 1900 ’s. He brilliantly wrote a short story or novel in a fashion that was unconventional for the time period. While reading any work by Hemingway the reader has to keep in mind that what is written might be tied to some other part in the story. Hemingway many different writing strategies to keep the reader engaged throughout his stories. Ernest Hemingway is able to keep the readers engaged throughout this novel by incorporatingRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises By Ernest Hemingway1918 Words   |  8 PagesZach Ullom Eng-125F-SO2 Dr. Les Hunter December 3, 2015 Brett Ashley: Whore or Heroine in The Sun Also Rises After a thorough reading and in-depth analyzation of Ernest Hemingway’s riveting novel The Sun Also Rises, the character of Brett Ashley may be seen in a number of different ways. While some critics such as Mimi Reisel Gladstein view Brett as a Circe or bitch-goddess, others such as Carol H. Smith see Brett as a woman who has been emotionally broken by the world around her. I tend lean towardsRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises By Ernest Hemingway1245 Words   |  5 PagesThe writer of The Sun Also Rises, Ernest Hemingway was a short story writer, journalist, and an American novelist. He produced most of his work between the nineteen twenties and nineteen fifties. One of Hemingway’s many novels, The Sun Also Rises was originally published on October 22, 1926. In the novel, The Sun Also Rises, Hemingway uses the lead female character, Lady Brett Ashley to portray the new age of women in that time period. In the beginning of the novel when Brett is introduced, sheRead MoreThe Sun Also Rises, Ernest Hemingway1101 Words   |  4 PagesIn most cases all anyone needs in life is love. But what is love? In The sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway we get the sad truth about what love sometimes is in the real world and in some cases alike this novel, there are many reasons in which love is lost. One of the reasons for lost love is sex. Unfortunately the sexual drive of other characters in the novel dictates whether they love each other or not. Another factor that plays a huge role of leaving love hopeless is alcohol. In this novel

A sepatate peace Free Essays

Life passes at a glance what once was the center of your world given time will shrink away till it is barely recognizable to you. So enjoy every moment savor every experience. † . We will write a custom essay sample on A sepatate peace or any similar topic only for you Order Now He go away with everything because of the extraordinary kind of person he was. It was quite a compliment to me, as a matter of fact, to have such a person choose me for his best friend†¦ † Chap 2, peg 21 know, if Gene doesn’t watch himself he’ll become such a person. †¦ Between the buildings, elms curved so high that you ceased to remember their height until you looked above the familiar trunks and the lowest umbrellas of leaves and took in the lofty complex they held high above, branches and branches of branches, a world of branches with an†¦ Please note! This is not an example of text written by our writers! Cassiopeia. Com is a database of essays that were collected at open web resources. You can use them at you own risk following the citation rules below. But we recommend you to order a custom plagiarism-free essay written Just for you from one of our writers. Place an order, add your paper details and enjoy the results! You can keep in touch with your writer, check the draft of your paper and send your order for revision for free. If you are hesitating to place an order – Just ask for a quote! How to cite A sepatate peace, Papers

The Candidate free essay sample

Kenisha D. Earls Politics in the Movies July 13, 2010 In the movie â€Å"The Candidate† I thought that the film was very interesting to me, being a person that has never been interested in politics. I found it interesting even though I am not for sure if this is the way that campaigns are run now. I thought it was nice to see how some candidates may be chosen, especially in this film because he was not expected to win the election. He was not even interested in politics although his father was once governor. The film showed how the campaign was ran and managed by his advisors. Although not expected to win the election, he somehow surprisingly, pulls it off and when he does, he is left wondering â€Å" What do we do now? † Bill McKay was a young, handsome, ambitious, married, son of a former governor. Although he grew up having a father as governor, he was not at all interested in politics. He is approached to run for California Senator because of those reasons. He has no prior experience but his father’s name. McKay is approached to run for office because there are no well known Democrats candidates willing to run. He agrees to run only after finding out that he could not win and that he was free to say anything he wanted. I am still not quite sure why he decided to run knowing that he had no chance of winning the election. McKay was up against Republican, Crocker Jarmon, who was expected to win the race for Senate. In the beginning of the race McKay was able to express his beliefs and political views freely because his advising team felt that it didn’t matter what he said because he wasn’t going to win anyway. Once McKay realizes how badly he is losing the race, he decides to change his political views on things. He thinks that this will help him to win more of the votes. While he doesn’t expect to win, he doesn’t want to get blown out either. He decides that he will do what he has to do in order to gain more votes. I believe at that point in the election, once McKay saw how bad he was losing the race, he started to forget and sway away from what he believed in and stood for. The election then became all about winning more votes for McKay. He was then, from that point on coached by his advising team on what to say or to do as he was told, which was sometimes different from what he actually believed in. It was interesting to watch Bill McKay transform from the strong, ambitious person that he was in the beginning of the movie to basically being told by Marvin Lucas what to say. The deal between McKay and Lucas changed once McKay started winning. McKay believed that everyone woman should be able to decide on abortion for themselves, he also believed that the government throws everything on the back of the working man. He wonders will people have more power to shape their lives or will that power be taken away? But towards the end of the campaign a lot of his ideas and things that he stood for are thrown out and replaced with those that appeal to a larger audience of people. I believe that the primary message of the film was about campaign management and how politicians basically sell themselves. It was just very interesting how McKay started out one way but by the end of the movie his message had changed. It is as if it doesn’t really matter who runs for office or what that person believes in because all of that can change according to what a candidate and his team feels is best to say in order to get votes. McKay had no interest in politics but was basically recruited for his father’s name, whom he in the beginning of the campaign race did not want involved, because he wanted to make it on his own. But by the end of the movie, that had changed as well. McKay realized that people thought that his father had been bsent from his campaign because he was a supporter of Jarmon, rather than the fact that McKay just didn’t want him involved in the campaign. He paid a visit to his father stating his concerns and as a result his father gave a statement and showed more support for his son. I am sure that helped to boost McKayà ¢â‚¬â„¢s popularity among the voters because after all, how would it look and what kind of message would it send if your own father, a former governor wasn’t supporting his son? It is just amazing to me to see how far and to see the things that politicians are willing to do in order to win, even if that means lying or deceiving the people that they have manage to persuade to vote for them. McKay goes from playing basketball in the streets of the projects, to the beaches of California, to having tea parties with the Senior Citizens club, trying to ensure the vote of these very different groups of people. Probably saying to each group of people what they each wanted to hear. Sure I know that politicians lie but I didn’t realize to what extent and that their whole campaign could possibly be a lie and not actually what they stand for. It makes me think back to watching one of the Presidential debates on television and also watching different campaign ads. I always wondered about candidates excusing one another of lying or â€Å"flip-flopping† their ideas or voting for one thing but saying they believe in another thing. Watching the movie made me wonder if this is the reason for all of the â€Å"flip flopping†, to say whatever appeals to a more larger group of people, to earn more votes? It is sad to think that someone that you believe in is fighting for your rights, beliefs and interests are only making you believe so in order to encourage you to vote for them and that their heart is really not into what they are allegedly standing for. And once in office or elected, all that they were promising is thrown out of the door. Maybe this is why the film was made, in order to educate or inform naive people like myself about what goes on during a campaign race, how some of the candidates are picked and sometimes molded and shaped into someone they are not but into almost the perfect candidate, whomever the people that are voting would like them to be. I was left wondering if there are or have been any â€Å"McKays† out there who would be willing to go through the whole campaign process when in fact, they weren’t even interested at all in becoming elected. Seems like a tremendous and overwhelming job to take on and your heart is not really in it. But I guess it did give McKay the opportunity, in the beginning when he was allowed to speak his mind, to spread his values by speaking to groups of people. It is just disheartening and upsetting to me to know that politicians are willing to lie just about anything and sell themselves short just to become elected and then to know that to be elected was something they never thought about or even wanted. Hopefully, that part only happens in the movies.

What is good health free essay sample

The definition of health is ‘the state of being free from illness or injury’ (Definition of health, 2013). There are five main components of health including physical, mental, social, environmental and spiritual health. All of these five components have inter-relationships in one way or another and can both positively and negatively impact the well-being of a person. An example of this is the strong link between physical health, spiritual health and mental health. Being physically healthy and exercising does not only improve your mental health but also your social and spiritual health as well. Scientists have proven that poor physical health brings an increased risk of depression, as do the social and relationship problems that can be common among people. This essay will examine why all five components of health are important in maintaining well-being and be able to function and contribute to society. Physical health is when the body functions at its optimal level, is free of disease and functions as it is designed to. We will write a custom essay sample on What is good health? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In order to have good physical health we need to look after our bodies so they can work as best as they can. Nutrition and exercise are critical to the body functioning properly and to be healthy. Nutrition is essential for energy and for the body to continue to work as it is designed to. Exercise is important for the body to keep good muscle tone and keep your lungs functioning well. People who do not do sufficient physical activity have a greater risk of cardiovascular disease, colon and breast cancers, Type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis. Low levels of physical activity are a major risk factor for ill health and mortality from all causes (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare). Being physically active improves mental and musculoskeletal health and reduces other risk factors such as overweight, high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2013). The National Physical Activity Guidelines for Australians recommend that we should undertake at least 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity on most days of the week (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2013). The World Health Organisation’s definition of mental health is â€Å"a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease† (WHO 2013). In simple terms it is good brain health (Grohol 2008). Many people consider good mental health to be the emotional and psychological well-being where you can cope with normal stresses can work productively and can make a good contribution to their community (Mental health basics, 2011). Mental health describes our social, emotional, and psychological states, all wrapped up into one (Grohol 2008). Staying active and having some daily exercise in your life contributes to good mental health, as does having a good life balance with work and your social life (Grohol 2008). The lack of these things in a person’s life may also lead to poor mental health or mental illness. The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2013) states that symptoms of a mental disorder were experienced at some time during a twelve-month period by an estimated 3. 2 million people (20% of the population aged between 16 and 24), while 7. 3 million (45%) reported a lifetime mental disorder (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2013). Improving mental health means to value and accept yourself (2003 Mind). It is also important to take care of your body, exercise, get plenty of sleep as well as surrounding yourself with good people who care about you. Good social health mainly focusses on yourself and who you feel comfortable around in your everyday life. This also includes good social skills and the ability to listen. Having good relationships with friends and family and being able to communicate openly and confidently with people around you is an example of good social health. Positive impacts of good social health include a sense of contentment, a zest for living life, the ability to deal with stress, a sense of meaning and purpose, a work-life balance and having self-confidence and high self-esteem (Smith et al. 2013). Poor social health could be described as someone who is opposite to this. They are withdrawn, isolated and do not socialise with many people. An example of this type of behaviour would be someone who suffers from agoraphobia. Agoraphobia can be described as someone who fears being in crowds, public spaces or open areas and may experience an anxiety or panic attack. They may avoid leaving their home for a long time (State Government Victoria 2013). In order to maintain mental and emotional health, it’s important to pay attention to your own needs and feelings. Don’t let stress and negative emotions build up. Try to maintain a balance between your daily responsibilities and the things you enjoy. If you take care of yourself, you’ll be better prepared to deal with challenges if and when they arise (Smith et al. 2013). Environmental/cultural health looks at all the physical, chemical and biological factors external to a person. Environmental health encompasses the control with the assessment of the environmental factors that can eventually affect your health (WHO,2013). Australia has a relatively stable environmental health. For example, the rate of people without homes or shelter is low and has good access to clean drinking water, good food, medical facilities and supplies as well as the ability to feel secure in their home. The availability of these things in our day to day lives allows a good standard of living and an awareness and appreciation of other cultures. This in turn leads to a more united nation as a whole with integrated communities resulting in a strong workforce and good economic climate (Unknown, 2013). On the other hand, the environment in which we live can also have a negative impact on our environmental/cultural health. If we do not have access to supplies like clean water and good food then this can lead to a reduction in the health and emotional well-being of people. The World Health Organisation (2013) states that 23% of the world’s diseases are due to poor environmental health. In children, environmental risk factors can account for slightly more than one-third of the disease burden (WHO, 2013). There are a number of ways to improve environmental/cultural health and these include reducing poverty and closing the gap between the wealthy and the poor. This in turn would help in raising the standard of living and therefore reduce illness and disease. Governments can also assist by providing the basics of clean water and provide the mechanisms in which people can look after themselves better. In Australia, the government aims to improve public health in areas such as emergencies, natural disasters, water supply, health services and improving the living standards of indigenous and islanders in Australia . Spiritual health is an important part of a person’s well-being. Your â€Å"spirit† usually refers to the deepest part of you, the part that lets you make meaning of your world. Your spirit provides you with the revealing sense of who you are, why you are here and what your purpose is for living. It is that innermost part of you that allows you to gain strength and hope (Thompson Rivers University, 2013). Many wellness behaviours can benefit your spiritual health. Such behaviours include feeling connected with others, feeling part of a community, volunteering, having an optimistic attitude, contributing to society and self –care (Thompson Rivers University, 2013). A lack of spiritual health may lead to negative impacts in a person’s life including a lack of connectedness and sense of belonging which could in turn affect relationships with family and friends and lead to depression. Some ways in which to improve spiritual health include taking time out for yourself, be open with the people around you, be non-judgmental and have an open mind, be receptive to pain or times of sorrow, practice forgiveness and live joyfully (Thompson Rivers University, 2013). While all aspects of health can be differentiated from one another, they are also interrelated and can have additive effects on wellbeing (Psych Central 2013). For example, physical and mental health are affected by one another in some cases. A lack of physical health and well-being can compound mental health issues such as depression. The combination of heart disease and depression can cause twice the reduction in social interaction than either condition alone (Psych Central 2013). We have also seen how poor environmental/cultural conditions can lead to issues in social, physical and mental health and affect people’s ability to fit into the world around them. Similarly, a sustained lack of sleep can affect someone’s mental abilities and capacity to function normally like a healthy human being.

How Monica Lewinsky overcame fear of presenting †and you can too

How Monica Lewinsky overcame fear of presenting – and you can too How Monica Lewinsky conquered her public-speaking demons In March 2015, Monica Lewinsky walked into the world-famous spotlight of the TED stage in Vancouver, Canada, to deliver a presentation called The price of shame. She was, of course, already world famous herself. Everyone knew her story –  her affair with former US President Bill Clinton, which had hit the headlines some 17 years earlier. In her own words, she was the Creature from the Media Lagoon. Her face was projected above her on two huge screens, revealing even the slightest expression of nerves. The tiniest glisten of moisture in her eyes would be highlighted a hundredfold in the glare of the stage lights. Somehow, just imagining the audience in their underwear wasnt going to cut it here. Talking about her presenting experience in an interview for The TED Guide to Public Speaking, she told TED Curator Chris Anderson: Nervous is too mild a word to describe how I felt. More like .  .  . gutted with trepidation. Bolts of fear. Electric anxiety. If we could have harnessed the power of my nerves that morning, I think the energy crisis would have been solved. Thankfully, most of us havent had to deal with ridicule on the scale Lewinsky has – but the all-consuming fear of presenting that she felt is something many of us can relate to. Presentations are among the most important things we do in our careers – whether were a newcomer proving our worth to our colleagues for the first time, or a senior adviser influencing policy decisions that could affect the lives of millions. Lewinsky used just about every trick in the book to calm her nerves before her talk. And they worked – her talk was widely acclaimed and quickly reached over a million views. So how did she overcome her fear of presenting? And how can you use the same techniques in your own business presentations? We talked to our expert presentation-skills trainer, David White, to learn more. 1. Dont rely on adrenaline You cant rely on adrenaline helping you throughout your presentation. All it does is give you an instant rush, says David. Too many people hope that adrenaline alone will see them through their talks – but it isnt enough. It fades after four or five minutes. Few people could have been more adrenalised than Lewinsky in advance of her talk. But she also used the techniques below – as the impressive final result showed. 2. Write a mantra Lewinsky had two mantras that David likes: One was IVE GOT THIS, and the other was THIS MATTERS. She wrote the latter on the top of the first page of her talk. I like these because sometimes we forget that we can do what were going to do, especially if weve done it before. So when writing your next presentation, try using your own mantra. Make it simple and straightforward. You may think youre just faking confidence – but keep in mind that many of the people you meet who you feel are naturally confident are doing just the same thing. 3. Use your fear as a motivation Public speaking regularly rates highly in surveys of peoples fears – even when pitched against competition like the fear of heights, or even death. But its the social costs that worry us the most – we want to be liked, included, respected and taken seriously by others. Being ostracised from a group of any kind – be it your peers while at school or work colleagues later in life – is a scary prospect. The key to dealing with this understandable fear is to use the fear as motivation. If youre scared, make it force you to practise more. Do more rehearsal, more preparation. Lewinsky went as far as giving her talk in advance to small audiences for feedback. When the negative feedback she was fearing just didnt come, she knew she was in a much better place to present. 4. Let your body help you Your state of mind is very attuned to the state of your body. You can test this for yourself: sit upright with good posture in your chair, moving your chair closer to your desk if necessary. (Seriously, try it now!) Do you notice how much more attentive it makes you feel? Its much harder to get the same feeling if youre slouched over your desk, even if everything else about the situation is the same. You can use this effect of the body on the mind to your advantage. Taking deep breaths is a classic technique in the same vein for calming nerves. And if you find your nerves are hitting you well in advance of your talk, try pausing now and then to take some deep breaths. It will help to prepare you. David uses a smartwatch app which taps your wrist at random points in the day, tapping out a slow rhythm for you to breathe in time with. (There are lots of apps which do this, including Breathe for Apple Watch, and Paced Breathing for Android.) As well as doing breathing exercises, Lewinsky went for a walk to clear some of her adrenaline. You may find that a stroll, or something even more vigorous like push-ups or star jumps, does the job. As with our tips to stop procrastinating and start writing, nothing is strange if it works for you. 5. Dont be afraid of appearing vulnerable or nervous When you have a fear of presenting, calming your nerves is important. But you dont need to eradicate them or be afraid of showing them. A show of nerves demonstrates that you feel what youre doing matters. This might be counterintuitive – but David asks us to consider the opposite case: Imagine your typical oily presenter of a game show. Hes competent, but hes not someone you really warm to. Compare that with Patti Smith, who recently stumbled through a Bob Dylan song after she had been asked to perform to mark the handing over of his Nobel Prize in Literature. She said, Im sorry, Im so nervous. She got a full round of applause when she stuttered, and some people in the audience cried at her performance. People were on her side. Lewinskys nervousness and vulnerability served the same purpose – at one point in her talk, she had to completely stop and take a moment. It reinforced the fact that the subject really did matter to her. If you cant show you care about your subject, why should anyone else? 6. Preparation, preparation, preparation Preparing your talk beforehand is the single biggest thing you can do to calm your nerves. David is emphatic about this: Nothing beats knowing youve properly prepared and rehearsed. If you dont have an audience to practise to, try rehearsing in front of the mirror. Get comfortable with your presentation. If possible, take the chance – as Lewinsky did – to perform your talk in front of an audience in advance. 7. Remember who is on your side Of course, speaking to an audience can seem like an intimidating prospect, particularly if its a large group. But knowing there is someone in the audience who is on your side, or sympathetic to your message, can be enormously important. David explains: You know there’s someone who is going to say, I think this person has got a really good point there. And even if youve got nobody familiar in the crowd, someone will still be on your side. As Lewinsky put it, when you address an audience, It means someone, somewhere, decided you had something of import to impart to others. Youve got this Lewinksys talk focused on the culture of humiliation – an emotion we have all felt intensely at some point, and which we want to avoid at all costs. But its impact showed the flip side of human nature – her talk got a standing ovation. At TED, as in business, audiences can be sceptical, hard to convince, or even hostile to a certain message, but audiences usually dont want to see a presenter completely fail. So when you next need to give a presentation, remember that you dont need to change your personality overnight to do a great job. Just prepare wisely and thoroughly – and then youll know, as Lewinsky did, that you really have got this. If you enjoyed this article, join over 16,000 professionals who keep up-to-date with the latest business communications advice: hbspt.forms.create({ portalId: '2645537', formId: 'bf5044be-d437-4f55-9e4d-bf1bea361bbe' }); Image credit: Monica Lewinsky receiving a standing ovation at TED, and looking right at Al Gore sitting next to me by Steve Jurvetson used under CC BY 2.0/cropped from original

How to Make Bismuth Crystals From Pepto-Bismol

How to Make Bismuth Crystals From Pepto-Bismol Pepto-Bismol is a common antacid medicine that contains bismuth subsalicylate or pink bismuth, which has the empirical chemical formula  (Bi{C6H4(OH)CO2}3). The chemical is used as an antacid, anti-inflammatory, and bactericide, but in this project, it is used for science! Heres how to extract the bismuth metal from the product. Once you have it, one project you can try is growing your own bismuth crystals. Bismuth Extraction Materials There are a couple of different methods for isolating the bismuth metal. One way is to burn Pepto-Bismol into a metal oxide slag using a blow torch and then separate  the metal from the oxygen. However, theres an easier method that only requires household chemicals. Here are the materials to extract the bismuth, without fire. Pepto-Bismol Tablets: You need a lot. Each pill contains 262 mg bismuth subsalicylate, but only about an eighth of the mass is bismuth.Muriatic Acid - You can find this in a hardware store. Of course, if you have access to a chemistry lab, you can simply use hydrochloric acid.Aluminum FoilCoffee Filter or Filter PaperMortar and Pestle - If you dont have one, find a baggie and a rolling pin or hammer. Get the Bismuth Metal The first step is to crush and grind up the pills to form a powder. This increases the surface area so the next step, a chemical reaction, can proceed more efficiently. Take 150-200 pills and work in batches to grind them up. Aside from a mortar and pestle or bag with rolling pin or hammer, you could opt for a spice mill or coffee grinder. Your choice.Prepare a solution of dilute muriatic acid. Mix one part acid to six parts water. Add the acid to the water to prevent splashing. Note: muriatic acid is the strong acid HCl. It produces irritating fumes and can give you a chemical burn. Its a good plan to wear gloves and protective eyewear when you use it. Use a glass or plastic container, as the acid can attack metals (which is the point, after all.)Dissolve the ground-up tablets in the acid solution. You can stir it with a glass rod, plastic coffee stirrer, or wooden spoon.Remove the solids by filtering the solution through a coffee filter or filter paper. The pink liquid is what you want to save since it contains bismuth ions. Drop aluminum foil into the pink solution. A black solid will form, which is the bismuth. Allow time for the precipitate to sink to the bottom of the container.Filter the liquid through a cloth or paper towel to get the bismuth metal.The final step is to melt the metal. Bismuth has a low melting point, so you can melt it using a torch or in a higher-melting-point pan on a gas grill or even your stove. As the metal melts, youll see impurities pool apart. You can use a toothpick to remove them,Let your metal cool and admire your work. See the beautiful iridescent oxidation layer? You might even see crystals.  Good job! Safety and Cleanup This project requires adult supervision. Keep kids and pets away from the acid and heat.When youre done, dilute the chemicals with large volumes of water before disposing of them. If you want to make absolutely sure the acid is safe, you can add a bit of baking soda to the dilute acid to neutralize it. Pepto-Bismol Fun Facts Interesting adverse effects from ingesting Pepto-Bismol include black tongue and black stools. This occurs when sulfur in saliva and the intestines combines with the medicine to form the insoluble black salt, bismuth sulfide. Although dramatic-looking, the effect is temporary. Sources Gray, Theodore. Gray Matter: Extracting Bismuth from Pepto-Bismol Tablets, Popular Science. August 29, 2012.WesoÅ‚owski, M. (1982). Thermal decomposition of pharmaceutical preparations containing inorganic components.  Microchimica Acta  (Vienna)  77(5–6): 451–464.

Role of Auditor in Public Sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Role of Auditor in Public Sector - Essay Example It can exist in the form of direct administration through tax systems; it can also be represented by publicly owned enterprises, which have more commercial freedom. Nowadays the role of audit and audit committees in public sector plays greater and greater role. Audit is the check of accountant documentation to prove its authenticity. But in more general sense audit is just a check of any phenomenon or activity by an independent expert, who is called auditor. Speaking about the statutory role of auditor in the public sector it should be said that there is an ethic codex for the auditors in public sector. And here we will refer to this codex as the brightest statutory document which singles out the main features of auditors in public sector. An ethic codex is a detailed official list of values and principles which auditors should use as ruling in their activity. There are high demands towards auditors in public sector. The behavior of an auditor must always remain above any suspicion. The wrong behavior presents all auditors in the disadvantageous light. Honesty is the basic demand of the ethic codex. Auditors must keep to the high and worthy standards of behavior in the process of work and their relations with the checking organizations. Auditors are also to support the public trust. There are recommendations as for using auditors in checking any enterprises of public sector. And any government body should choose an audit organization to maintain and fulfill the financial oversight. The system of financial control and reporting can be increased and strengthened through using an effective audit. This can also make the audit process more integral. According to Mayhew, 'auditor is an integral part of public accountability and governance. He plays a crucial role in making all financial processes and documentation integral, and also directing the system of internal control and the control of employee management.' (Mayhew, 2001) The role of an auditor depends on the size, sphere and kind of activity of the specific establishment. The main functions of the auditor in the public sector are: approving the general audit scope, financial planning, performing audit in a cost-effective manner. Risk management is also another function of the auditor. There are the three main features which should be peculiar of the auditor in order to fulfill the necessary functions in the public sector. The first of them is independence. In the public sector, the structure of entities does not separate the governing authority and oversight responsibility from the day-to-day management. For example, a public university president may be both the chief executive officer and a board member. (Hollingsworth, 1999) The auditor must be independent, and he must provide the necessary processes for supporting this independence. He is an independent expert, first of all. Communication is another trait of auditor. He must be capable

Education Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Education Policies - Essay Example This paper seeks to explore the effect of this perception on gender performance, with regard to education. Using educators’ experiences and studies, especially from regions where there are strong cultural beliefs on gender roles and perspectives, the study will evaluate whether girls are in fact their own enemies when they believe that men have better cognitive skills; whether boys actually perform better in sciences and dismally in other subjects perceived to be simpler and reserved for women. To achieve these objectives, the paper will consider academic sources such as books and journals as well as non-academic sources to gather qualitative data including people’s opinions attitudes and beliefs. Parker writes about the effect of gender stereotypes in teaching and learning of mathematics. It is one area where gender myths abound and is very relevant to this position paper. The books conclusions are important in providing causes and solutions to achieve the stated objectives.. Leikin approaches the debate from an instructor’s viewpoint. Since teachers are affected by these stereotypes, a perusal will be necessary. The book can also provide insight on solution to attitude block to learning. Weiner explores the psychological aspects behind attitudes and how women are cultured to believe they are inferior. The book will be useful in understanding the workings of stereotypes in education. It can also suggest viable solutions for instructors and students alike. Pahlke, E., J. S. Hyde, and C. M. Allison. "The Effects of Single-Sex Compared with Coeducational Schooling on Students’ Performance and Attitudes: A Meta-Analysis." American Psychological Association. 2014. Web. 6 Mar. 2015. The research focuses on teaching of boys and girls separately or in different institution. This segregation reinforces the idea of gender difference in cognition. Its conclusions will be indicative of the utility of such

Rulers That Followed the Prince by Machiavelli Essay Example for Free

Rulers That Followed the Prince by Machiavelli Essay Niccolà ² Machiavelli suggested in The Prince that a ruler should behave as both a fox and a lion, being both loved and feared. There are clever rulers who were strategic, courageous rulers who were effective, and successful rulers who possessed both qualities. Elizabeth I of England and Henery IV of France were two great rulers from Europe that were able to personify Machiavellis advice. Elizabeth I of England was able to act as a fox by preventing England from being torn apart over matters of religion. By repealing The Catholic Legislation of Mary Tudors reign, she was able to make the New Act of Supremacy which dsignated her as the supreme govenor of spritual and temporal affairs. Also she restored the church service of the Book of Common Prayer, but was clever enough to make some revisions to make it more acceptable for Catholics. With keeping her subjects out conflict, she also made sure that her power within England remained preserved. She didnt marry anyone, because if she did, the real power would then belong to the king. Maintaining her power outside England ment keeping Spain under control. The Sea Beggars were an international group of anti-Spain pirates. Elizabeth made a secret alliance with the Sea Beggars, and sent them to the Netherlands to fight the Spainish. To make sure she was exempt from international problems because of her tie with the Sea Beggars, she immediately diassociated England from the doings of the Sea Begggars. With doing clever and sniky things to maintain Englands power, she added courageous things to her list of accomplishements. One of her greatest challenges was her cousin, Queen Mary of Scots. Being that she was next in line to the English throne, Mary was a huge threath to Elizabeths power. After fleeing from Scotland to England, she was put under house arrest by Elizabeth. In 1587, Mary was finally excuted after being caught in a plot to over throw Elizabeth. This direct action kept Elizabeth out of threat within England. But the execution of Mary, sparked a Spanish Armada invasion in England. Under the guidances of Elizabeth, the swift English ships were able to batter out Spanish and be victorious. Elizabeth showed much leadership and strength in defeating the Spanish. She heeded Machiavellis advice and was able to drive England towards a prosporous Golden Age of wealth and power. Henry IV of France was able to act as a fox by evaluating what mattered more to him. When Henry converted to Catholosism out of being a Hugenot during the Saint Bartholomews Day Massacre, it was clear that he valued his own life over religion. Even when he coverted back to Calvinism afterwards, he soon relized his valued of being in power over religion would cause him to convert, once again, back into Catholism. â€Å"Paris is worth a Mass, he said as he gave into the Roman Catholic Church for the leadership of France. This value of state over religion made him a politique, believing that no religious truth was worth the ravages of cicil war. He kept France from futher civil war by issuing the Edict of Nantes which acknowledged Catholicism as th official religion of France but guaranteed the Hugenots the rights to worship. He was wise to recognize that tolerance can help establish peace in his nation and also to convert to Cathalosism because of their bigger population in France. Along with being able to weigh out which decisions would help maintain a peaceful France, he was also able to roll in more power for himself. Appionting The Duke of Sully as his finance minister was a major step in gaining power and wealth. Sully reformed the tax collection system to make it more equitable and efficient, improved transportation, stimulated trade and industry, and fostered prosperity. These economic improvment gave Henry power. With his power under stable condition, Henry looked to forgien affairs. Henry saw the Religious Wars as an opportunity to divide up the Holy Roman Empire so he attacked, but since he was a politique he battled over politics and not religion. Though he instilled fear in his subject, he was able to gain the popularity of people because of his informal dress and a strong wit and charm. He had many things to take care of in and out of France, however, he took this bold move because knew his power would remain if people liked him. By Elizabeths creation of the Act of Supremacy and Act of Uniformity, her refusal of marriage, her secret alliance with the Sea Beggars, her execution of Mary, and her victory over the Spanish Armada, she was able to bring England to a Golden Age. By Henrys adoption of the Edict of Nantes, appointing of The Duke of Sully, munipilzing the Religious Wars to his needs, and being friendly with his subjects, Henry was able to secure France as a power in Europe. By following the advice of Machiavelli, Elizabeth I of England and Henry IV of France were able to strengthen their countries, with Elizabeth being a little better at it than Henry.

Walmart :: essays research papers

http://laplaza.org/~totem/econ.html Retail Business, Jobs, Taxes and Prices in Taos Support your friends and neighbors and local businesses. Say NO to an SS Wal-Mart! Since Wal-Mart came to Taos, the number of retail businesses decreased from 438 to 231. In the last five years alone, retail jobs decreased from 3156 to 1500. (US census, pub 1/2003) Those closed businesses and the lost jobs supported community members, their children, their employees, and the stores in which they shopped. More local businesses will close after a Wal-Mart superstore comes to town. If businesses close at the same rate, Taos will lose 47% of its current retail stores and 54.5% of its retail jobs in a few years. What do we tell the families who have lost businesses or jobs that pay a living wage? Will as many tourists visit when we have fewer restaurants and shops because Taose�os can't afford to support them during the year? Can local banks stay open with fewer local business and worker deposits and when Wal-Mart deposits its money at night and withdraws it in the morning? How long will Wal-Mart remain profitable and open when fewer people have money to spend? Gross Receipts Taxes In 1998 Wal-Mart accounted for only 4.6% of the total taxes due Taos from all industries. (NM Taxation & Revenue Dept. and Wal-Mart) Do we change our land use code because Wal-Mart wants to blanket the country? What do we say to the hundreds of people who worked three years to produce Vision 20/20 and our land use code? Do we change our code that would support a local economy of thriving tourist and local-serving businesses, cottage industries and home businesses, agriculture and small sustainable industries that do not negatively impact the environment? What do we leave for our children and grandchildren? Food Prices Wal-Mart tells shoppers that they have low prices. However, a comparison of prices between the Taos food stores and the Wal-Mart superstore in Espanola shows:

Easton Baseball Bats vs. Demarini Baseball Bats

Ever since the invention of the metal bat, creators have been perfecting the specific ingredients to it in order to create the best performance possible for an athlete. Over the past decade, two particular brands of baseball bats have revolutionized the way that players hit the baseball and perform at high levels. The common brands for baseball players are the Demarini and Easton brand baseball bats. Not only are both baseball bats reliable, they also perform at the highest level to create exemplary satisfaction. But an argument remains for both bats; which is the most reliable, which bat is the most effective on the field, and which bat do the players prefer the most? The elements of these particular brands are corresponding in a way to create an exceptional evaluation, but based on overall performance and player nostalgia the Easton bat has the upper hand. The Demarini brand of bats was established with the common goal in mind of revolutionizing the feel of the ball off the bat, and ultimately increasing the velocity of the ball off the bat. As a result, the manufacturer conjured the idea of â€Å"composite† metal, which is a softer and more flexible metal then the normal aluminum used in bats from the past. The baseball would basically bounce off this new type of bat with higher velocity. The composite idea took off, and soon players all over the world loved the feel of this now material as it struck a baseball. Climactically, the new Demarini bat was a better performer on the baseball field than its counterparts; with the exception of the Easton brand. As a result to the evolutional upgrade to the Demarini baseball bat, Easton turned the competition up a notch with the creation of stronger, more reliable bats that lasted a player several years of pertinent performance. Demarini bats were known to crack and lose â€Å"pop† over time, even with the risk of completely breaking! Easton bats were now tougher and more durable than the competitors, specifically Demarini. They also created the perfect balance on the baseball bat. Some bats feel â€Å"top heavy† (more weight is on the end of the bat causing an uneven swing), but Easton perfected balance creating more weight towards the handle. With the upgrades established by Easton, they were now on top of the baseball performance mountain, and no one has touched them to this day. Players across the nation and world have enjoyed the Easton bat’s performance on the field. Organizations have committed specifically to reviewing and studying the performance of baseball bats. According to baseballbat-reviews. com: Easton has produced top-of-the-line sporting equipment and for years has been one of America’s first choices, especially when it comes to aluminum baseball bats. There is no doubt [sic] all of Easton baseball bats will get the job done. Players have also personally shown their appreciation of the Easton baseball bat and how it has improved their performance on the field. John Stalton in Littleton, CO stated to Easton’s personal website, â€Å"†¦this is the best bat I have ever used over the course of 3 years; I will never buy a different brand of bat. † Player nostalgia is the most important argument to proving the level of performance a baseball bat brings to the table, and Easton went above-and-beyond in customer satisfaction. Demarini had many player disapprovals regarding reliability and, sometimes, performance. John Stalton said, â€Å"I have tried to use a Demarini, but it created too many problems. After 2 weeks, there was a rattling in the bat when I swung it. † Performance and reliability are the two major components to how bats are evaluated by players in modern day baseball. The Demarini and Easton brand baseball bats have been widely praised for their performance on the field, but no other brand can compare to Easton’s reliability to the players. Players have voiced their opinions regarding the performance and reliability of these particular brands, and a result; the Easton baseball bat has been considered the best metal bat in baseball today.

Farmers

Farmer’s discontent during the period 1870 – 1900 had an impact on their attitudes and actions towards national politics. During this time period manufacturing had a huge growth spurt and agricultural began to decline. This made it harder for farmers to make a living. Document G shows how much manufacturing increased between the years 1849 – 1899. America could no longer aspire to be a nation of small freehold farms. Manufacturers and people living in big cities depended on farmers to pretty much keep them alive. Many people didn’t realize how much of an affect farmers had on their everyday lives. If you took farms away from the United States during this period of time, everything would have completely crashed. Farmer’s had difficulties making a living because the rates of being a farmer were so high. â€Å"Nothing has done more to injure the western region than these freight rates. † (Document F) The high rates of being a farmer made it difficult to pay payments on the lands and the rate of interest was rapidly rising. Some farmers couldn’t even sell their produce at a reasonable profit. These farmers worked long, hard hours and the government wasn’t on their side about paying them with a decent income yet they wanted so much from the farmers. Along with farm prices failing, railroad prices were increasing. Railroads were important to farmers because they took farmers out to their lands, carried their produce of hard work to markets, and brought them the manufactured goods that they needed. Many farm settlements were established around railroads because of this reason. Railroad managers were forced to charge very high rates and because of it, that means farmers would have to pay more money to use railroads when they already used enough money keeping their crops alive. Document B talks about how it was also hard for colored farmers to make a living especially after the Civil War. â€Å"They had to get the local merchant or someone else to supply the food for the family to eat while the first crop was being made. (Document B) They couldn’t pay interest and by the end of the first year, they found themselves in debt. The attempt in the second year didn’t go so well either because they had old debts plus new interest to pay. â€Å"Many of the colored farmers had almost given up hope†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Document B) Not only was money an issue for farmers but also in the late 1880s and early 1890s crop suffered severely from droughts. It was cool and dry which was unfavorable for all crops. This made it difficult for farmers to keep their crops alive. By the late 1880s, farmers were so fed up with everything that they created the Farmers Alliance, seeking to overthrow the chains from the banks and railroads that bound them. The Farmers Alliance merged with other liberal Democrats to form the Populist Party. They strived for railroad regulation, tax reform, and unlimited coinage of silver. In the election of 1892 the Populist Party nominated James B.  Weaver for president and as Document D shows, most of the farmers in the west, mainly Nevada, voted for the Populist Party because that party was rooted in the frustration of the farmers and they needed change. The farmers were furious with the way things were going for them and they had hoped that the Populist Party would help. Even though they didn’t win the election, they made a remarkable showing with 1,029,846 popular votes and 22 electoral votes. These electoral votes only came from the midwestern and western states. With the creation of a new party, out of discontent, the farmers managed to change national politics.

Free Essays on Descartes First Meditations

In Descartes work on â€Å"First Meditations† he raises many questions concerning his beliefs with respect to reality. Is Descartes existence real, or is he an illusion of his own imagination. Is his life tangible or he only exists because he thinks he exists. The starting point for Descartes philosophy is not using his senses to acquire information about his existence or reality, but, using his mind knowledge, the dream problem, and, the possibility of a deceiving God to show the uncertainty of many common beliefs. Renà © Descartes existence relies on his knowledge of himself and what he knows to be a true reality. Descartes suggest that physics, astronomy, and medical knowledge is not significant and doubtful, but, mathematics is a certainty. Renà © Descartes believes that the knowledge of the mind is more certain that the senses. For example, what you see cannot be true because your mind has knowledge that it is impossible to be true. A question he raises is the idea that if our dreams seemed so real then how would one know the difference between the dream world and the real world. There is his doubt that he does not exist and that he is only dreaming of this existence. He likens himself to a madman when he denies his existence. When he is asleep and is awakened, where does dreaming end and reality begin? Dreams are fashioned in the likeness of 2 things that are real. Therefore, some parts of a dream are not imaginary and are real and exist, when other parts of a dream are not real and imaginary. Renà © Descartes questions the belief that God is his creator and the creator of the universe. He ponders if God is supremely good, why would He allow Descartes to be deceived with respect to the universe existence and Descartes own existence? If God is supreme, He can take away my reality that mathematics is certain and mak... Free Essays on Descartes First Meditations Free Essays on Descartes First Meditations In Descartes work on â€Å"First Meditations† he raises many questions concerning his beliefs with respect to reality. Is Descartes existence real, or is he an illusion of his own imagination. Is his life tangible or he only exists because he thinks he exists. The starting point for Descartes philosophy is not using his senses to acquire information about his existence or reality, but, using his mind knowledge, the dream problem, and, the possibility of a deceiving God to show the uncertainty of many common beliefs. Renà © Descartes existence relies on his knowledge of himself and what he knows to be a true reality. Descartes suggest that physics, astronomy, and medical knowledge is not significant and doubtful, but, mathematics is a certainty. Renà © Descartes believes that the knowledge of the mind is more certain that the senses. For example, what you see cannot be true because your mind has knowledge that it is impossible to be true. A question he raises is the idea that if our dreams seemed so real then how would one know the difference between the dream world and the real world. There is his doubt that he does not exist and that he is only dreaming of this existence. He likens himself to a madman when he denies his existence. When he is asleep and is awakened, where does dreaming end and reality begin? Dreams are fashioned in the likeness of 2 things that are real. Therefore, some parts of a dream are not imaginary and are real and exist, when other parts of a dream are not real and imaginary. Renà © Descartes questions the belief that God is his creator and the creator of the universe. He ponders if God is supremely good, why would He allow Descartes to be deceived with respect to the universe existence and Descartes own existence? If God is supreme, He can take away my reality that mathematics is certain and mak...

How to choose a minor in college

How to choose a minor in college The best minors for your English major Learn about the best minors from our list and decide whether you want to pair Spanish with psychology or linguistics. Psychology Study psychology for a better understanding of the human nature. You can either be a fiction lover or a math fan, but if you dedicate yourself to learning about people’s thinking, you will soon realize you can write a novel psychological enough to win the Nobel prize! Besides, you will be able to embrace different cultures and their mental attitudes apart from the capacity to analyze fictional characters and why students procrastinate on a daily basis. There is a reason we want psychology to be our minor, and that’s not because writing tasks are not that complicated (they actually are). After you get a psychology degree, life suddenly seems to be more diverse, and that’s only the beginning. Humanities If you have a passion for writing that can’t be quelled and can discuss the word origins for hours, then welcome to the humanities league. You will be able to pursue the history of the language and immerse into literary art like a pro, dealing with concepts and forms that have been developed by writers through the centuries. Not a far cry from history, humanities would be a perfect choice for anyone remotely interested in language issues and will certainly add to your understanding of linguistics, if you make enough effort. Besides, you can always get a bonus for being an expert in word definitions and fictional concepts. Foreign language Let’s be honest – foreign language means amazing job opportunities, and hey, who wouldn’t be glad to receive a promotion? If you are learning a second language, however, do not forget to do your research and track the statistics – Chinese still occupies the first place along with Spanish, and you can find many people traveling to Spain for the same reason. If you are too lazy to choose a minor right away, we recommend you reading short stories in another language so that you practice and enrich your vocabulary daily. As they say, learning is one of the pleasures of life if you know how to do it. Suddenly, the world has more color to it and we should say being bilingual does not hurt! History History is kind of associated with humanities, but you will be surprised how much there is to know about the current state of affairs. You may have read Pride and Prejudice, but do you know it was quite revolutionary for its time? Sometimes, you just need history to learn about cause and effect and the consequences of big political decisions on the world arena. What is more, you can add that to your minor list and still be able to attend your major course, since history surveys along topic classes. Journalism For people who know they want to write and just can’t help it, this course should be amazing. You have to remember, however, that fantasy is no longer something you can indulge in once you become a news manager – hello, truth! So, prepare yourself for the change of the subject: instead of your own thoughts and opinions (though they still may be present in blog), you will have to give way to politicians, government leaders and political representatives. Boring? It can be, especially if you are taught the standards of the creative writing, but then, you also gain a lot of experience and spend the majority of your time with the like-minded people. Interviewing celebrities is also included, which can be considered a bonus in some ways. Don’t be afraid to explore the new horizons with a minor!

Public health science slp 15 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Public health science slp 15 - Essay Example Universities and hospitals offer medical technology programs. 1 Coursework required include courses in biology, microbiology, chemistry physics, math and statistics along with course work to improve communication skills and computer analytics. The field has subspecialties in various departments which include, Hematology or the study of blood(this department often works in conjunction with a Blood bank supplying blood products), Biochemistry and Special Chemistry and the providing of analytical assays on most normally blood and urine and there biochemical and immunological characteristics, Bacteriology and Parasitology which detect infectious agents and Histology and cytology working with tissues and cell samples to slides for pathological examinations. Individual laboratories which are licensed by appropriate state regulatory agencies are also accredited and inspected by professional agencies such as the College of American Pathologists(CAP)2. In addition laboratories must be in acco rdance with public health regulatory bodies regarding the reporting of infectious diseases and the proper disposal of hazardous wastes such as the Center for Disease Control(CDC)3 Environmental health professional go by many titles, Environmental Health Practitioners, Environmental Health Officer, Public Health Officer. ... Most Environmental Professionals sub specialize in one of the following areas: Reducing Air, water, soil, noise, or radiation pollution Protecting the food supply Improving safety in public schools, public areas, and workplaces Ensuring safe living conditions in housing Promoting public health by identifying hazards4 Prevention is a key to environmental health work with education, research and improved public policy employed to make the world a cleaner and safer place to live. To enter the field a college degree in Environmental Health or an associated life-science is required. Two public health regulatory agencies chosen are The Center for Disease Control(CDC) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The Centers for Disease Control(CDC) The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is the primary Federal agency for conducting and supporting public health activities in the United States. CDC's focus is not only on scientific excellence but also on the essential spirit that is CDC - to protect the health of all people. CDC keeps humanity at the forefront of its mission to ensure health protection through promotion, prevention, and preparedness. Composed of the Office of the Director, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and six Coordinating Centers/ Offices, including environmental health and injury prevention, health information services, health promotion, infectious diseases, global health and terrorism preparedness and emergency response, CDC employs more than 14,000 employees in 54 countries and in 170 occupations.5 The goal of the CDC is to keep people healthy at every

War or Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

War or Immigration - Essay Example The dialogue may not necessarily be only between the two parties. Each party may bring one or more parties in its support from its side to conduct dialogue with the opposite group of parties. If the dispute gets resolved through the dialogue, nothing like that! War breaks out in the other case. During the war, if any of the party surrenders, the other party should stop the killing right away. After the war, the winning party may confiscate the belongings of the losing party along with the fighters, but the fighters should not be tortured in jails like the conventional practice is. Instead, they should be treated with kindness and should be made to contribute to the winning nation positively. It is better to have them teach the illiterate local prisoners rather than torturing them, which would yield no good. If treated nicely, the winning party assumes great tendency to convince the prisoners to have faith in the winning party and rather become its members than their original

Plato and More Definitive Understanding of Art and Philosophy Essay

Plato and More Definitive Understanding of Art and Philosophy - Essay Example Plato and More Definitive Understanding of Art and Philosophy Naturally, the first level of argument which can be discussed with regards to how Plato defines virtue. As one might expect, many pages are indeed entire pages of Plato’s work have been concentric on defining virtue in the means through which it can be maximized within our world. However, with that being said, it must be understood that virtue within the specific delineation of what defines art and how it should be represented to the populace is ultimately a subjective understanding. In such a way, by promoting the belief that art should be exhibited if it entails possibilities of fostering virtue and promoting the goodness of the person in something that cannot be defined by a single understanding and should not be presented as the benchmark by which art should be manifested. By providing something of a tangential analysis, the author can point to the fact that Nazi German fostered what they understood to be a virtuous society that fosters the goodness of the stakeholder that they deemed fit to be included within such a definition. Moreover, the totalitarianism of the third Reich was not only visited upon the way in which political ideology, philosophy, and indeed art itself was presented. It does not take a great deal of historical analysis to point to the fact that the third right was heavily involved in the promoting its own version of what art and artistry should entail.

Amos Is Identified As The Prophet Amos Religion Essay

Amos Is Identified As The Prophet Amos Religion Essay Introduction: The author of the Book of Amos is identified as the prophet Amos. Amos was the first prophet in the Bible whose message was recorded at length. Although he came from a town in Judah, he preached to the people of the northern kingdom of Israel, about the middle of the eighth century B.C. The Book was likely written between 760 and 753 B.C. As a shepherd and a fruit picker from the Judean village of Tekoa, he was called by God, even though he lacks an education or a priestly background. His mission is directed to his neighbour to the north, Israel. It was a time of great prosperity, notable religious piety, and apparent security. But Amos saw that prosperity was limited to the wealthy, and that it fed on injustice and on oppression of the poor. Amos ministry takes place while Jeroboam II reign over Israel, and Uzziah reigns over Judah. Amos can see beneath Israels external prosperity and power; internally the nation is corrupt to the core. In short, they had forgotten what it meant to follow God. Amos took his uncompromising message straight to the religious authorities of his day, instead of listening to him, they threw him out. In the same way that Amos challenged the Israelites to reconsider their priorities, he challenges us in the climax to his book, and reminds us of what God wants (Amos 5:24). In this essay, I wish to write an introduction on the Book of Amos. Background and Meaning of Amos: The Book of Amos is set in a time when the people of Israel have reached a low point in their devotion to God. The people have become greedy and have stopped following and adhering to their values. The people in Amos time expected the day of the Lord to be a picnic; but Amos pointed a different picture of inescapable terror. Scholars have understood Amos image of Yahweh passing through the midst of the people of Israel as an allusion; to his passing through Egypt. They make reference in this regard to (Exodus 12:12). For I will pass through the midst of you; says Yahweh. According to Amos, Israel is guilty of injustice toward the innocent, poor and young women. As punishment Yahwehs vengeance would be directed against Israel, and the prophet warns his audience; Is not the day of the Lord darkness in it'(Amos 5:20). The day of the Lord was widely celebrated and highly anticipated by the followers of God. Amos came to tell the people that the day of the Lord was coming soon and that it meant divine judgement and justice for their iniquities. Structure and Theme: The nine chapters of the Book of Amos emphasize one central theme. The people o the nation of Israel has broken their covenant with God, and his judgement against their sin will be severe. In the first major section of the book, Amos begins with biting words of judgement against the six nations surrounding the lands of Judah and Israel. These nations are Damascus, Gaza, Tyre, Edom, Ammon and Moab. Next he announces Gods judgement against Judah, Israels sister nation to the South; and because of Israels bitterness toward Judah; Amos listener must have greeted this cry of doom with pleasant agreement. Further, the second major section of the book of Amos is the prophets three biting sermons of judgement against the nation of Israel (3:1 6:14). He referred to the wealthy, luxury-seeking women of Samaria the capital city of Israel as cows of Bashan (Amos 4:1). He also attacked the system of idol worship which king Jeroboam II had established in the cities of Bethel and Gilgal (Amos 4:4, 5:5). The situation clearly called for a courageous prophet who could call the nation back to authentic faith, as well as a policy of fairness and justice in their dealings with their fellow citizens. In the third major section, the prophet Amos presents five visions of Gods approaching judgement. The prophets vision of a basket of fruit is particularly graphic. Amos described the nation of Israel as a basket of summer fruit, implying that it would soon spoil and rut in the blistering sun of Gods judgement (8:1 14). Amos unquestioning obedience and his clear proclamation of Gods message show that he was committed to the Lord, and His principles of holiness and righteousness comes through clearly in the book. Amos made it plain that Israel would be judged severely unless the people turned from their sin and looked to the one true God for strength and guidance. The Book of Amos ends on a positive, optimistic note. Amos predicted that the people of Israel would be restored to their special place in Gods service after their season of judgement had come to an end (Amos 9:11-15). This note of hope is characteristic of the Hebrew prophets; they pointed to a glorious future for Gods people, even in the midst of dark times. Evaluation: The Book of Amos is one of the most eloquent cries for justice and righteousness to be found in the Bible. It came through a humble shepherd who dared to deliver Gods message to the wealthy and influential people of his day. Amos lived up to his name as he declared Gods message of judgement in dramatic fashion to a sinful and disobedient people. Amos message is just as timely for our world, since God still places a higher value on justice and righteousness. Amos spoke because the Lord had called him to deliver His message of judgement. This is one of the clearest statement of compulsion of the divine call to be found in the Bible. Conclusion: Amos is known as the great prophet of righteousness of the Old Testament. His book underlines the principle that religion demands righteous behaviour. True religion is not a matter of observing feast days, offering burnt offerings, and worshipping at sanctuary, but authentic worship results in changed behaviour, seeking Gods will, treating others with justice and following Gods command. A positive spirit, which issued from Amos deep faith in God sustained the prophet and gave him hope for the future. This great insight is summarized by these words from the prophet. Let justice run like water and righteousness like a mighty stream (5:24). Although Amos was a shepherd by occupation, his book gives evidence of careful literary craftsmanship. The technique which the prophet used was puns or plays on words to drive home his message. For example when the prophet talks about the summer fruit suggest the end of the kingdom of Israel; like ripe summer fruit, Israel was ripe for Gods judgement.

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Diana Abdelfattah March 13, 2014 Communication 101 1) Discuss the ethical issues involved in Internet use. Given an example. There are ethical issues involved in Internet use. One of the ethical issues are being anonymous allows for other people to bully through online use and more crime rates. For example, people are able to steal someone else works online or have someone write a paper for them. Sometimes, people are caught plagiarizing. This is an easy way for people to use someone works by stealing their way to success or passing a class. This all shows that many things you put on the Internet is permanent. Many people forget what they put on Facebook affect how you are perceived or will affect the way people are judged. More importantly many people use social media to bully while being anonymous. This provides an easy way because there are limit amount of laws to regulate this form of abuse. Also technology makes it easy to get away with bullying. Another way ethical issues are violated online is through online scams. People commit crimes such as credit card theft. Hackers can easily use technology to violate someone privacy by stealing information. Also technology makes it easy to have free content online which make it easy to download illegal like movies, music or television show instead of paying for them online. It violates copyright laws and prevents the company from gaining money for the content being used. All of this shows that online privacy is violated on the Internet. This by shows ethical issues involved in Internet use. 2) Explain why perceived differences and similarities are more important to attraction than actual differences and similarities. Give an example. The perceived differences and similarities ar... ... the main thesis (the take-home message) in Bennett, Lawrence, and Livingston (2006)? The main thesis in in Bennett, Lawrence, and Livingston (2006) is the sense that journalist using framing techniques are limited in providing readers with objectivity views. In the way they are force to behave this way thru the government to not shed the facts to be guard dogs. The article states the media fails in being partiality in providing the audience with an objectivity view of news frames. That this leads to the fact that journalists are not able to be independent when writing. Thus the white house holds more of the control of what is written when sent to the masses. Journalists are being guard dogs in the sense that they are limited in the information given and have the information censored. Compared to the journalist in being objective and being watchdogs for the masses.

Gingivitis Cause and Treatment

Gingivitis: Cause and Treatment Gingivitis is a form of periodontal disease which involves inflammation and infection of the gums. This inflammation and infection lead to destruction of tissues that support the teeth including the gums, the ligaments and the tooth sockets. Causes: Gingivitis does not form overnight. It is one of the long-term effects of plaque deposits due to improper brushing and flossing. Plaque is a sticky material made of bacteria, mucus, and food debris that grows on exposed parts of the teeth. It is a major cause of tooth decay as plaque, when not removed, turns into a hard deposit called tartar. Tartar then becomes trapped at the base of the tooth. Plaque and tartar are capable of irritating the gums and making it inflamed. Bacteria and the toxins they produce cause the gums to become infected, swollen and tender. Tender gums easily bleed. Moreover, injury to the gums due to exceedingly vigorous brushing or flossing of the teeth can also cause gingivitis. Medications and birth control pills and heavy metals such as lead and bismuth can also contribute to the development of gingivitis. Misaligned teeth, rough edges of fillings, and ill-fitting or unclean mouth device such as braces, dentures, bridges, and crowns can irritate the gums and also increase the risk of gingivitis. Along with these, general illness, poor dental hygiene, pregnancy and uncontrolled diabetes raise the risk of developing gingivitis. Gingivitis comes at a varying degree on people from all walks of life. It usually develops during puberty or early adulthood due to hormonal changes and may recur frequently depending on the health of the teeth and gums. Symptoms may include bleeding gums, gums that are tender when touched, bright red or red-purple appearance of gums, mouth sores, shiny appearance of gums and swollen gums. Treatment: If you schedule a check-up with the dentist, he will examine your mouth and teeth and look for soft, swollen, red-purple gums. The gums are usually painless or mildly tender. Once symptoms of gingivitis are found, more often than not, you will end up with a painful surgical gingivitis treatment. But then, dental health complications can be totally avoided with good oral practices. Oral health experts highly recommend proper care of the oral and dental regions with the use of high quality and effective mouth care products such as toothpaste and mouthwash. As the cliche goes, â€Å"prevention is better than cure† as it can truly be difficult to treat gingivitis once it has taken over the dental regions. Gingivitis and gum diseases can be prevented from developing at the onset. Regular daily brushing with the use of botanical toothpaste and finishing it with a botanical mouthwash is a more effective treatment for gingivitis.

Personal Values

Personal values are beliefs, missions, or philosophy that is meaningful on a personal level. They are reinforced by emotions and feelings, which turn mental perceptions into vital passions that we hope to realize in our lives. Whether we are consciously aware of them or not, every individual has a core set of personal values. Whatever our values are, when we take them to heart and implement them in our lives, great accomplishments and success happens. When we implement, commit to, and apply personal values in our lives, energy is released that attracts success, achievement, and well-being. Some of the more common personal values include; accomplishments, freedom, prosperity, success, friendship, punctuality, self-reliance, concern for others, harmony of purpose, accountability, quality of work, goodwill, reliability, goodness, cleanliness, commitment, creativity, customer satisfaction, equality, loyalty, justice, resourcefulness, family, independence, spirit, hard work, and faithfulness. People relate to personal values in a number of ways; thoughtful people continually think about those things they cherish and believe in, while the powerful are motivated and driven to implement personal values in their lives. Interestingly, not only do values energize us, but when we implement them, it energizes everything we come in contact with. Personal values drives and motivate us to move forward in life, which in turn enables progress. Whether they drive our own individual lives in a positive direction, improve the economic, social, and cultural conditions of a nation, or move society forward in a path of progress, personal values are important in our lives. We all have values that determine our decisions and guide our lives. Accomplishments in life depend not only on physical energy, but also on the psychological energy we are able to bring to our actions. Personal values also direct our psychological energies for accomplishment. The quality of the values we embrace and the intensity of our commitment to them determine the level of our accomplishment in life. Values, personal values, and core values all refer to the same thing. They are desirable qualities, standards, or principles that are the driving forces in our lives, and also influence our actions and reactions. They are inherited, and/or learned from our environment. Knowing your values helps you to follow a clear set of rules and guidelines for your actions, make good decisions, nd choices, find compatible people, places, and things that support your way of living, live with integrity, learn to identify and live from your values, and to manage stress (Ibtissem, 2010). Cultural Values Cultural values are sets of common understandings around which actions are organized, and the finding of expressions in language, whose finer distinctions are peculiar to the group. They are sets o f meanings shared by a group of people that are largely inferred among members, and are clearly relevant, and distinctive to the particular group. Cultural values are also passed on to new members. These values are systems of knowledge, standards for perceiving, believing, evaluating, and acting that serve to relate human communities to their environmental settings (Khalil, & Seleim, 2010). They are also deeper levels of basic assumptions and beliefs that are learned responses. Any social system arising from a network of shared ideologies consisting of substances – the networks of meaning associated with ideologies, norms, and values, and forms – the practices where the meanings are expressed, affirmed, and communicated to members, defines the cultural values of an organization. Culture is what naturally emerges as individuals transform themselves into social groups. A culture encompasses distinct observable forms – language, use of symbols, ceremonies, customs, methods of problem solving, use of tools, or technology, and design of work settings – that groups of people create through social interaction, and use to confront the broader social environment. Culture can be characterized as consisting of three levels; the first and most visible level is behaviors and artifacts, which consists of behavior patterns and outward manifestations of the culture. This is the privileges provided to executives, dress codes, level of technology utilized, and where it is utilized, and the physical layout of the work spaces. Artifacts and behavior also tell what a group is doing, but not the reasons why. The second level of culture is its values. The cultural values determine behaviors, but values are not directly observable, as behaviors are. There is a difference between stated values and operating values. To really understand culture, we have to get to the deepest third level, the level of assumptions and beliefs. Underlying assumptions grow out of values, until they are taken for granted and discarded. Many are unaware of, or unable to articulate their beliefs and assumptions. To understand culture, all three levels have to be understood (Vauclair, 2009). There is an additional aspect that may complicate the study of culture: the group or cultural unit which owns the culture. An organization may have many different cultures or subcultures, or even no apparent dominant culture at the organizational level. Recognizing the cultural unit is essential to identifying and understanding the culture. Organizational cultures are created, maintained, or transformed by people, and by organizational leadership (Khalil, & Seleim, 2010). Leaders at the executive level are the principle source for the re-infusion of an organization's ideology, articulation of core values, and the specification of norms. Organizational values express preferences for certain behaviors or certain outcomes, and organizational norms express behaviors accepted by others. They are the culturally acceptable ways of pursuing goals. Leaders also establish the boundaries for the formal lines of communication, and the formal interaction rules for the organization. Values and norms, once transmitted through the organization, establish the permanence of the organization's culture. Groups, societies, or cultures have values that are largely shared by their members. These values identify those objects, conditions or characteristics that members of the society consider important. Values are related to the norms of a culture, with the norms being the rules for behavior in specific situations, and the values identify what should be judged as good or evil. Members take part in a culture even if each member's personal values do not entirely agree with some of the normative values of the culture. This reflects an individual's ability to integrate and extract aspects valuable to them from the multiple of sub-cultures they belong to. If a group member expresses a value that is in serious conflict with the group's norms, the group's authority may carry out various ways of encouraging conformity or stigmatizing the non-conforming behavior of its members. Commonly held standards of what is acceptable or unacceptable, important or unimportant, right or wrong, workable or unworkable, in a community or society, is determined by cultural values. These values determine the ideas about what is good, right, fair, and just. Creating a culture based on moral excellence requires a commitment among managers to embody and develop two qualities in their leadership: virtue and wisdom. Creating an organization characterized by moral excellence is a lengthy process, because it involves changing the organizational culture (Vauclair, 2009). One of the primary responsibilities of strategic leadership is to create and maintain the organizational characteristics that reward and encourage collective efforts, with the most fundamental of these being the organizational culture. An organization's culture develops to help cope with the environment. Organizational leaders are confronted with many complex issues during their attempts to generate organizational achievement. Their success depends to a great extent on understanding organizational culture. Many of the problems that organizational leaders face are caused by their inability to analyze and evaluate organizational culture. Many leaders, when trying to implement new strategies or a strategic plan leading to a new vision, will discover that their strategies will fail if they are inconsistent with the organization's culture. Difficulties with organizational transformations arise from failures to analyze an organization's existing culture. Strategic leaders have an additional set of challenges; they have to create the means, and the opportunities to infuse their employees with new ways of looking at themselves, and their capabilities. Leaders' new ideologies and values need to be communicated effectively, internalized by employees, and then translated into productive methods of thinking, and working. Organizations consist of subgroups that have specific characteristics and a sense of identification. Within organizations, people can easily classify themselves and others into various social categories or groups based on identification with their primary work group, occupational, or professional skills, or union membership. Subgroups in organizations can and do create subcultures that comprise specific networks of meaning, and they remain associated with the ideologies and values of the organization's leadership. Organizations do not always have standardized or consistent subcultures. The social products produced by subcultures within organizations can be widely diverse, and even result in countercultures. These countercultures can have both productive and unproductive outcomes. The key to a counterculture's success is the group's ability to demonstrate how its unconventional behaviors are consonant with the core ideologies, values and norms of the dominant culture. Cultures provide members with a reliable means to interpret a highly vague environment. It is the organization’s leaderships’ responsibility to specify the features of the environment that are relevant to the organization, and then provide the supporting assumptions, and rationale for its operating strategies. Leadership should recognize that their cultural messages should specifically address cultural uncertainties associated with subculture practices within the organization, and limit their attempts to eliminate distinctions that are important to the subculture's identities. They would have a better chance of creating, or transforming an organization’s culture if they accept, and foster productive organizational subcultures, and consistently communicate how employees must perform in order for the organization to achieve its objectives. Cultural change then relies on leaders' communication techniques that cross sub cultural boundaries and carry messages about ideologies, values and norms that can be internalized by all employees. Cultural forms function as the linking mechanism by which networks of understandings develop among employees. These cultural forms act as a medium for communicating ideologies, values, and norms. They also enable leaders to transmit messages about desirable behaviors to influence thinking and ways of behaving. Cultural forms also address the emotional aspects of organizations that are commonly referred to as cohesion or camaraderie. Productive cultural change will occur if leaders correctly analyze the organization's existing culture, and evaluate it against the cultural attributes needed to achieve strategic objectives. They must first possess a clear understanding of the strategic objectives for their organization, and then identify the actions needed to reach those objectives. The next step is to conduct an analysis of the organization’s existing ideologies, values and norms. Strategic leadership needs to be transformational if it is to serve the organization, and it must operate from a foundation of high morality and ethical practices. Even though culture is deep seated, and difficult to change, leaders can influence or manage an organization's culture. It isn't easy, and it cannot be done rapidly, but leaders can have an effect on culture. An understanding of culture, and how to transform it, is a crucial skill for leaders trying to achieve strategic outcomes. Strategic leaders have the best perspective, because of their position in the organization, to see the dynamics of the culture, what should remain, and what needs transformation. This is the essence of strategic success. Values and ethics are one of the most important characteristic of an individual. They basically define who we are and what we believe. There are many factors that determine our values and ethics. Culture, religion, and many other factors affect our beliefs. Many times our values and ethics can clash with different people who hold different views and beliefs. This doesn't mean our values or ethics are wrong it just means we think differently than others. Most people have a good sense of ethics and values. Knowing between right and wrong is a good foundation to practicing good ethics and morals. Family members, Grandparents, friends, and school teachers all influence our thoughts and beliefs. Educational Values Education is not all about book learning and passing exams, it is also about developing personal values and living these values. Ethical Values To behave ethically is to behave in a manner that is consistent with what is generally considered to be right or moral. Ethical behavior is the bedrock of mutual trust. Values are what we believe to be right, individually or organizationally. Values distinguish between right and wrong, and doing what is right or wrong is what we mean by ethics. The first place to look in determining what is right or wrong is society, because almost every society makes some determination of morally correct behavior. Societies not only regulate the behavior of its members, but also define their societal core values. Experience lead societies to develop beliefs about what is of value for the common good. Societies may differ from one another in the specifics, but not in the general principles; reciprocity – one good deed deserves another, the notion of good intent – a person’s word is their bond, or the appreciation of merit in others regardless of personal feelings – give the devil his due. To determine what is generally considered to be right, look at the positive values of society and the organizations one belongs to. Societal or organizational norms are other aspects that should also be considered. Norms are the unstated rules, usually informally reached by the members of a group, which govern the behavior of the group's members. Norms often have a greater effect on what is and isn't done by the members of a group than formal rules and regulations. Norms are a important part of ethics, in that they allow and/or even encourage certain OK behaviors that are not in keeping with societal or organizational stated values. Ethics and morality are important for individuals, groups, organizations, and society. they should also be important for public officials, and for very much the same reasons. Some very important individual, group, organizational, and/or societal ethical values are; basic honesty and conformity to law; conflicts of interest; service orientation and procedural fairness; the ethics of democratic responsibility; the ethics of public policy determination; and the ethics of compromise and social integration. People behave unethically because of the complexity of the strategic issues that may cross that ethical line, difficulty in determining what the most ethical alternatives are, competition for scarce resources, power, or positions, conflicting loyalties, groupthink, is. There are several systemic factors also contribute to people behaving unethically; the competition for scarce resources, trying to gain a competitive advantage in the race for position or power, conflicting loyalties, groupthink among homogeneous groups with strong leaders, the presence of ideologues, or individuals who view their own extreme positions as right and any opposing positions as wrong, and an organization's negative response to dissent. Organizational members have only three choices when confronted with unethical behavior: Exit, the most direct response, means if you can't live with behavior that does not meet your own ethical standards, leave. Voice, means expressing discomfort with and opposition to the observed unethical behavior. Go public, to engage in ‘whistle blowing’. The final response to unethical behavior in an organization is loyalty, the alternative to exit. Instead of leaving, the individual remains and tries to change the organization from within. An organization cannot maintain high ethical standards without ways for eliminating unethical behavior. The steps to building an ethical climate, and to foster corporate ethics; (1) Determine the actions of strategic leadership and the ways they deal with ethical issues. The pattern of top leaders' behavior determines organizational values. (2) Make explicit ethics policies. (3) Increase awareness of how to apply ethical codes. (4) Training on how to deal with situations with an ethical dimension. 5) How to anticipate situations that involve ethical choices. (6) Expand the information system to focus on areas where ethics may come into play. Knowing what actually is going on in the organization is essential to understanding the ethical principles which govern behavior. The information system should also support ethical behavior, and allow the strategic leader to know when or where there are potential ethical breaches so that corrective action can be taken. There is real danger when unethical behavior goes unnoticed, or unpunished, members will assume it is excused by the organization's leadership. Encouraging leaders to pursue their own moral development is critical at higher levels because strategic leaders set the moral climate for the organization. Business ethics is the application of the disciplines, principles, and theories of ethics on the organizational level. These are the principles, and standards that guide behavior in the business environment. Ethical behavior in business is critical. When businesses are charged with infractions, and when employees of those firms come under legal investigation, there is concern raised about the moral behavior of that business. The level of mutual trust, which is the foundation of our free-market economy, is threatened. Business ethics is also concerned with the day-to-day ethical dilemmas faced by millions of workers at all levels of an organization. All people have their own sets of personal values that come from society, families, religions, and experiences. Ethical dilemmas can arise when those personal values conflict directly with the company’s practices. Organizations can manage their culture and ethical climate by trying to hire employees whose values match their own. Some firms even measure potential employees’ values during the hiring process and strive to choose individuals who fit within the ethical climate rather than those whose beliefs and values differ significantly. Family Values Some of the more common family values are; belonging, it is important that each member of a family feel that they are loved, that they belong and that they matter; flexibility, the order, schedules and structure of the family that helps to maintain a level of sanity; respect, to take feelings, thoughts, needs, and preferences in to account when making decisions; acknowledging and valuing everyone’s thoughts, feelings and contributions to the family as a whole; honesty, the foundation of any relationships that are meant to last; forgiveness, forgiving is an important choice to make (yes, choice); generosity, giving without thinking about what you will receive is an important value for anyone wanting to be a responsible, contributing ember to society; curiosity, which helps to build critical thinking skills, includes the spoken word, tone, volume, expression, eye contact, body language and effective listening; responsibility is something that is learned; and traditions, which ma kes a family unique (Arnier, & Stein, 1998). Religious Values Religion plays a vital role in our lives and in reinforcing personal values. It does not matter what our religious preferences are, personal values are formed and reinforced through religious teachings. Tolerance, honesty, truthfulness, respect for others and elders, purity are some of the values formed and reinforced through religious teachings. Organizational Values Organizations and institutions have values and ethics are that are central to its existence. Often time, there are one or more business values that are the key to a business’s success. Examples are Sear’s commitment to ‘trusting the customer’, Apple Computer's belief in ‘the value of solving the problems of society’, or the Marriott's value of ‘systemization and standardization’. Values are those things important to or valued by someone, whether they are an individual or an organization. Organizational values are important to its vision, which is based on and consistent with the organization's core values. Organizational values are more than words; they are the moral, ethical, and professional attributes of character, and what professionals judge to be right. These core values must be instilled in all organizational members. They determine our character, guide our lives, and are central to our profession. Some of the more common organizational values; loyalty, duty, honesty, selfless service, professionalism, caring, teamwork, stewardship. and integrity. When these values are shared by all organizational members, they can be very important and useful tools for making judgments, assessing probable outcomes of contemplated actions, and choosing among alternatives. Organizational values put all members on the same page with regard to what all members as a body consider important. These values are the embodiment of what an organization stands for, and should be the basis for the behavior of its members. When we implement, commit to, and apply personal values in our lives, energy is released that attracts success, achievement, and well-being. With organizations and nstitution’s employees, customers, products, services, and all the stakeholders, their energy attracts success, new opportunities, new sources of revenue and income, and other material and psychological benefits. In some organizations, any discord by its members may be rewarded by termination, or they may be expelled, or ostracized from the group. Group members quickly learn the operating values, or they don't survive for long. To the extent they differ from stated values, the organization will not only suffer from doing things less effectively, but also from the cynicism of its members, who have yet another reason for mistrusting the leadership, or doubting its wisdom. Organizational values provide the basis for judgments about what is important for the organization to succeed in its core business. There are three aspects to ethical behavior in organizations: the development of the individual as an ethical person, the effect of the organization as an ethical or unethical environment, and the actions or procedures developed by the organization to encourage ethical behavior and discourage unethical behavior. Most of an individual's ethical development occurs before entering an organization. The influence of family, church, community, and school will determine individual values. The organization is dealing with individuals whose value base has already been established. The organization also has a major impact on the behavior of its members, and can have a positive or negative influence on their values. There are three qualities individuals must possess to make ethical decisions; the ability to recognize ethical issues and to reason through the ethical consequences of decisions, the ability to look at alternative points of view, deciding what is right in a particular set of circumstances, and the ability to deal with ambiguity, uncertainty, and to make decisions on the best information available. Individual characteristics and organizational influence are very important attributes that determines ethical behaviors. The ethical standards that one observes in the organization will have a significant effect on individual behavior. The organization has the greatest impact in the standards it establishes for ethical and unethical conduct in its formal reward systems. Informal norms also have a strong influence on individuals' behavior as do the actions of the leaders of the organization. Strategic leaders must understand that their actions, more than words alone, will determine the operating values in the organization. Many people behave ethically, in spite of the apparent lack of gain. Ethical behavior is intrinsically rewarding; most people behave ethically because it's the right thing to do. People are guided by their personal value systems.